Incandescent burner for hydrocarbons.



PATENTED JUNE 16, 1903.

E. LEHMANN.

INOANDESGENT BURNER FOR HYDROGARBONS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 27, 1902.

N0 MODEL.

Pawns comnurouma, WASHINGTON n c Patented June 16, 1903.

PATENT I OFFICE.

ERNST LEHMANN, or WIESBADEN, GERMANY.

INCANDESCENT BURNER FOR HYDROCARBONS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 731,060, dated June 16, 1903.

Application filed June 27, 1902.

such as spirit, paraifin, and thelike--are used for incandescent lighting, the object of the invention being to render the blueflame nonluminous at a suitable point above the upper edge of the wick and at the same time to give it the required form in order to closely impinge on the mantle or incandescent body. This is efiected by means of a lateral external current of air conducted between two superposed burner-caps and adapted to annularly constrict the flame. I am aware that burner-caps of this kind are known, and they are frequently employed with incandescent lamps; but with these arrangements, how-' ever, it is only possible to let the external air-current act upon the flame at the height of the upper edge of the Wick, the caps being intended, since their orifices are narrower than the diameter of the wick-tube, to con strict the already non-luminous flame in order to thereby produce the shape suitable for illuminating effect and otherwise obtained by means of flame-dividers, burner-disks, and the like.

The annexed drawing represents one form of the invention in vertical section.

The burner shown in the drawing comprises in the knowumanner a double wicktube a, passing through the chamber containing the liquid combustible, in order to allow of acentral supply of air. The upper part ofrthis tube is surrounded by a suitable gallery (2, provided with numerous perforations for the supply of external air and shut ofi at the top by a platef, which may be horizontal or somewhat inclined or provided with guidesurfaces. A bell-shaped cap d, cylindrical at the top, passes through said plate f, so as to produce an annular aperture to allow air to reach the incandescent body from outside. Below this cap at a second cap I), also bellshaped, is arranged, resting on a plate 0, pro

vided in the lower part of the gallery. Outside the periphery of the capb the said plate 0 is provided with numerous perforations, whereas within the diameter of said cap I) there are only a small number of perforations. The upper open part of the bell-shaped cap I) has a diameter as large as or larger than that of the flame in order that the latter will not be constricted at that point. The cap (I, placed above the cap I), is so shaped that the surfaces of the two caps are not concentric, but eccentric, in order to form a suitable injectoror nozzle-like aperture approximately at that spot at which is the cylindrical extension of the cap d, which may be of any desired diameter and may serve as a support for the incandescent mantle. It is not essential that an aperture of this kind should be produced for the entire circumference. For an efficient supply of air it would be sufficient if the aperture is formed in a .suitable manner at separate places. The relative arrangements of the two caps Z) and dthat is to say, the dimensions and shapesare not determined ones; but they must be adapted to the shape of the incandescent body, the nature of the combustible used, and the flame formed, and so on. By slight modifications with regard to the other parts of the constructions described the principleof the invention is also in no way affected. Thus, for instance, the annular aperture between the cylindrical part of the cap (1 and the plate f can be dispensed with and the latter provided with apertures or slots. The said plate f can also be provided with small bosses, upon which the chimney is placed, so that air is admitted. The annular wall of the cap (1 can also be provided interiorly with projections, corrugations, or the like, by which means the constriction of the flame produced by the aircurrent would be further assisted. Further, the lower plate 0, on which the cap I) rests, can be closed inside the periphery of same or be entirely dispensed with, according to requirements, and the method of fastening the various parts is quite optional.

As indicated by the direction of the arrows, the air coming from the lowerpart of the gallery'e impinges on the plate 0, is divided into two currents, the more powerful of which passes through the apertures outside the pe- ICO LII

riphery of the cap 12 and then between the walls of the two caps 19 and d, the weaker current passing underneath the cap b and there partially mixing with the flame burning at the upper edge of the wick. The current of air passing between the two caps is forced with a powerful draft through the nozzle-like or injector-like orifice and at this point meets the upwardly-burning blue flame, which is here rendered non-luminous, the central aircurrent assisting therein. At the same time the flame is constricted by the aircurrent acting annularly on it and is thus given above the burner-cap d the shape suitable for the incandescent body. In order that the latter will be acted upon all over by the flame,another aircurrent of less strength is admitted through the annular orifice between the platefand cap cl, which current meets the fabric of the mantle exteriorly and causes an expansion of the flame coming from inside.

What I claim is, in an incandescent burner for hydrocarbons l. The combination with an annular wicktube, of two superposed truncated domed caps each open above and below, their lower apertures being larger than their upper apertures and the upper aperture of the lower cap being larger than that of the upper cap, said caps being spaced one from the other and the lower one from the upper edge of said wicktube and having their walls so shaped as to form an annular tapering passage between them and means for admittance of air to said passage at the lower end for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination with an annular wicktube, of two superposed truncated domed, caps each open above and below, their lower apertures being larger than their upper apertures, and the upper aperture of the lower cap being larger than that of the upper cap, said caps being spaced one from the other and the lower one from the upper edge of said wick-tube, and having their Walls so shaped as to form an annular tapering passage between them and means for admittance of air to said passage at the lower end, the outer cap extending at its upper orifice into a cylindrical form and means for suspending an incandescent mantle over said cylindrical extension for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination with an annular wicktube, of two superposed truncated domed caps, each open above and below, their lower apertures being larger than their upper apertures, and the upper aperture of the lower cap being larger than that of the upper cap,

said caps being spaced one from the other and the lower one from the upper edge of said wick-tube and having their walls so shaped as to form an annular tapering passage between them and means for admittance of air to said passage at the lower end, the outer cap extending at its upper orifice into a cylindrical form, means for suspending an incandescent mantle over said cylindrical extension, and an annular plate surrounding the upper part of the exterior cap and leaving an annular passage between its inner edge and the exterior face of the said cap immediately below the cylindrical extension thereof.

In witness whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two witnesses. 

